The experimental studies carried out by Faraday and by Lenz
in the mid-19th century led them to enunciate the fundamental laws of
electromagnetic induction, based on that whenever the magnetic flux that
crosses a closed conductor circuit appears in it a current called induced. These
principles gave origin to the magnetic cartridges, which had a phase where they
were relegated to second term by the ceramics; the time for high fidelity had
not yet come, and depending on their weight and quality problems they lost
popularity in a transient way, but recovered it in a short time with the
development of high density artificial magnetic materials, so that nowadays the
magnetic cartridges are used fully and completely in the reproduction of high
fidelity.
All types of magnetic cartridges can also be called variable
reluctance, because they use all the same principles but in different ways.
Today it is possible to group the existing types into three
fundamental groups or variations of them:
(a) Mobile Coil
(b) Mobile Magnet
(c) Magnet induced
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