stereo turntable 2017 ~ CLASSIC HI-FI EQUIPMENT
  • Studer REVOX

    For more than 40 years, Revox has been producing loudspeakers.

  • Pioneer PL-530

    Japanese Audio Manufacturer with a reputation for producing extremely high quality equipment.

  • Technics Tape Deck RS-M95

    Technics is a subsidiary of Japanese Matsushita Electric Industrial Co Ltd and produces Hi-Fi products including turntables, amplifiers, receivers,etc

2017-08-25






The remembered fever of voluminous and heavy Hi-Fi equipment seems to be back. The suspected reason is its special quality of electronic design and high quality materials, in contrast to the present equipment where plastic and other similar materials are not as resistant to the test of time.

The golden age of Hi-Fi equipment is particularly remembered in the 70's and 80's. Automation in electronic design took its first steps and designers and engineers only had the most advanced techniques for the time to develop and design circuits and electronic components, especially in the 70's and early 80's.

The design and testing of these equipment was done with special compliance and care from circuit calculations to the manufacture of the PCB and the schematic diagram, amount of those schematic diagrams made by professional draftsmen without the present computer technology and automation.
The audio companies in past times had their own drafting department (professional draftsmen were worth only compass, sets square, insoles and molds-for in physical schematics of their respective components, perfect delineation, faultless lace of line and drawing. *¨In the electrical industry, a schematic diagram is often used to describe the design of equipment. Schematic diagrams are often used for the maintenance and repair of electronic and electro mechanical systems.[1] Original schematics were done by hand, using standardized templates or pre-printed adhesive symbols, but today Electrical CAD software is often used.In electronic design automation, until the 1980s schematics were virtually the only formal representation for circuits.¨ http://.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schematic
The designers were required to different quality standards such as DIN, IHF, etc. and resulted in the production of equipment with very outstanding features and arrogance sound quality


Amount of schematic diagrams made by professional draftsmen without the present computer technology and automation.


The concept of "Hi Fi" (High Fidelity) begins to come into play when the quality of the audio system reaches or exceeds a certain level.
This level of quality is determined by several factors that basically respond to the idea that in our ear comes a sound as similar as possible to the one that was generated at source. This means that a Hi-Fi chain would try to make the buyer of a classical music record sitting comfortably at home feel the same auditory sensations as if they were in the best location in the concert hall: to recognize the sound of each instrument, to situate it spatially, to listen to the slightest tinkling, to appreciate the differences in level between a " Pianissimo " and a " Fortissimo " etc.

The main peculiarity of Hi-Fi equipment of other times and that makes them precisely attractive is its robust construction and high quality design circuits that with much possibility surpass the test of time. Another property that makes them striking is their complete compatibility between brands, models and years in which they were manufactured, which offers a total flexibility when wanting to make a high fidelity audio chain according to the tastes and preferences of each person, (many take passion collecting large number of components to show them).

Many people are inhibited and unsure of risking time and money in buying appliances that have many years, however, that should not be analyzed that way. A lot of repairing electronics technicians (I included) have bought Hi-Fi equipment many times, and the important thing is to test all the functions and if you get something that does not work, just do not buy that equipment, that's the rule, so you do not risk in buying something that is not in good condition. Fortunately, Hi-Fi equipment abounds in good condition and better still in excellent condition even if they are many years old, keep in mind that the electronic design of those old Hi-Fi equipment is truly outstanding and reliable.


Posted by hifisnecma on 11:40 AM  No comments »




Functions as important as recording require for their perfect execution, some kind of indication more precise than the operator's own ear, so almost all the devices on the market incorporate some kind of modulation indicator. The most common are:

A) The meter
This is simply a galvanometer equipped with a bridge rectifier; Therefore its indication is only valid for average signal values. They are usually provided with graduated scales. One from 0 to 100 and the other from -20 to +3 VU. The zero of the VU scale corresponds to the 100 x 100 scale of the other scale; In electronic terms a change of level of 1 VU (volume unit) equals a graduation of 1 dB. Therefore the meter is not so useful when it is required to know the instantaneous values ​​of the signal.

B) LED indicators.
When recording a normal music program it may happen that during certain very short periods of time the signal level is very high and saturates the recording causing the corresponding distortion. To faithfully follow the variations of the signal to be recorded, some manufacturers use a group of LEDs in series that are illuminated when the signal reaches a certain threshold level (which is indicated in the scale) preset for each of them.




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2017-08-18




Noise reduction systems.

 Most high fidelity cassette decks incorporate a noise reduction system, of which the most common is the Dolby B version that uses a huge percentage of devices on the market. This electronic noise reduction system appreciates the level of signal reaching the recording head; If it is very high, it does not act; If on the other hand its value is weak, it increases its amplitude and later allows the recording to take place. 

When reproducing this signal along with the tape noise is reduced its value in the same proportion as it was increased in the register. The result is that the noise is attenuated artificially the same number of times as the signal. 

There are other noise reduction systems such as DBX, SUPER D, ANRS, DNL, ​​ADRES, HIGH-COM which are also sometimes used in certain brands although their use is not as widespread as that of Dolby B on decks to cassette.
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2017-08-17


A) Heads and number of tracks. 

The width of the standard cassette tape is 3.8 mm instead of the 6.35 mm of the reel to reel tape or open reel tape; therefore, the recorded tape width is also smaller. As a direct consequence of the reduced track width, it is possible to deduce that the achievement of authentic high-fidelity decks to the cassette is a goal that has been widely achieved today and has always been a task that required time and enormous research effort.

 One of the topics that has occupied the laboratories of the main manufacturers has been to find a material for the construction of magnetic heads, that works in satisfactory conditions in terms of wear and performance. Currently, generalizing, it is possible to summarize that 3 types of materials are used for the manufacture of magnetic heads for decks to cassettes: Ferrite, Permalloy and Sendust (Senalloy) Of the 3 materials, the one that offers a higher hardness index and wear resistance is the ferrite (650 on the Vickers scale) versus Sendust 500, Permalloy 200 hardened and 120 of Mullite Permalloy. 

However, in magnetic terms the ferrite is more sensitive to saturation with high bias currents than the Permalloy or Sendust and its linearity with low signal levels (working condition of the reproduction head) is also lower. The greater magnetic linearity is achieved using Permalloy (thanks to its reduced coercivity and high permeability). Sendust provides the highest flux densities (required for pure metal tapes) with a level of wear similar to that of ferrite and a linearity very close to that of Permalloy. In decks to cassette it is also possible to find the configuration of two heads (erasing, recording-reproduction) or 3 heads (erasing, recording, playback) 

B) Polarization and equalization. 

In the cassette system standards accepted as standard by all manufacturers of stereo decks have been very closely linked to the appearance of new compositions of the magnetic layer of the tape. Every novelty in the market usually requires changes in the values of polarization and equalization, in order to obtain the best results in each case. Coercitivity and remanence acquire enormous importance as defining the performance that a magnetic tape can give. 

In the 4 basic types of magnetic formulations for cassette tapes currently on the market, the proper polarization level for its correct operation is different. In general terms, it is possible to state that the better the performance of one type of cassette, the greater the amplitude of the polarization current necessary for optimum use of its possibilities. 

Manufacturers often provide their devices with polarization-equalization selectors with different positions for each type of tape, some of which incorporate a small fine-tuning of polarization in each position to obtain maximum performance according to the brand of cassette used. For equalization there are standard values accepted by tape manufacturers and stereo decks. 

In general it is possible to summarize that the effect of equalization on magnetic tapes to cassette is to reinforce, in reproduction, the response in treble, to avoid, as much as possible, the effects of losses in high frequency due to the reduced speed of passage of the Tape and others in the recording process. To implement this solution a fixed frequency is chosen from which all upper frequencies are enhanced. 

In the case of the iron oxide strips the frequency is 1326.3 Hz or 120 μS (as it was already seen, it is preferable to indicate microseconds, instead of frequencies since the number of microseconds directly indicates the characteristics of the RC network necessary for Produce the desired response curve). 

In contrast, chromium (Cro2) and pure metal oxide tapes require less reinforcement because of their better performance at high frequencies, the chosen frequency as the starting point for their increase is 2273.6 Hz or 70 μS. In most of the high frequency range the characteristic of 120 μS (normal equalization) is above 4.5 dB corresponding to 70 μS (Cro2 and metal equalization). 

This means that while both curves produce flat response using the appropriate tape type, any residual noise picked up by the magnetic head will be increased by 4.5 dB with the equalization of 120 μS. 

C) Speed of passage of the tape. 

In the cassette format the standard speed of passage of the tape is 4.75 cm / s. Today there are many devices on the market capable of offering high frequency responses up to 20000 Hz. Nevertheless, the limitations imposed by such speed are important, and already exist in the market stereo decks to cassettes of 2 speeds 4.75 and 9.5 cm /seg capable of reproducing at 9.5 cm / seg frequencies up to 30000 Hz with an improvement of 4.5 dB in the signal-to-noise ratio.

 The equalization time constants are reduced by the same percentage as the speed is increased. There is no reason to think that in the future no more devices with these characteristics will appear. 

D) Motors. In stereo decks to cassette Hi-Fi is generally used single-engine traction systems for a long time. Currently the most widespread trend is to resort to the use of two motors, especially in order to achieve maximum constancy in the speed of tape passing. There are some appliances that incorporate up to three engines.
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To obtain maximum performance in its function, the magnetic head must be correctly positioned with respect to the magnetic tape in both height and azimuth. It is called azimuth to the angle that the air gap forms with the perpendicular to the direction of advance of the tape. The position of the head must be so precise that the azimuth is zero.


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2017-08-14




The demands of this head are much less critical than the others of recording or reproduction, since its function is to record on tape a high fixed frequency. The magnetic circuit is made in two similar halves. 

As magnetic material is generally used ferroxcube, the air gap usually has a length of 0.3 mm while the winding is manufactured in a single winding.


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It must have medium characteristics between the requirements of recording and reproduction, although more importance is given to the reproduction function, therefore, air gap length, winding impedance and shielding must be approximated to those required for reproduction.

 The mixed recording-reproduction head is used in most of the equipment on the market and its latest quality levels ensure a completely satisfactory results.
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The length of the air gap acquires in this type of heads a paramount importance, since it must be very small to be able to "read" the high frequencies contained in the tape. 

On the other hand, in order to obtain a good signal-to-noise ratio it is necessary to increase the surface of the air gap and therefore its length. A middle ground must therefore be adopted. 

Usually a reproduction head has air gaps between 3 and 5 μm. The winding is of low impedance and the shielding system must offer a very effective protection against the parasitic field intensities.


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2017-08-13



The magnetic heads of recording, reproduction or erasure it is possible to distinguish two main components:
 

A) Magnetic nucleus.
 
B) Winding.
 

The magnetic circuit is usually composed with very small remnant induction. Hysteresis losses should be minimal as well as those produced by eddy currents.
 

The winding is distributed in two windings each located in a seminore. This arrangement is preferable because it reduces the sensitivity of the head to disturbing external fields.  

The entire core-coil assembly is encapsulated so that protection against parasitic fields is effective.
In general the conditions required for a magnetic head are the following:
 

1) They must allow perfect air gap-tape contact
2) The shield must be specially guarded.
3) The wear resistance must be big.
Posted by hifisnecma on 10:55 AM  No comments »

2017-08-10





>The device which performs the function of recording and reproducing the audio signal on a magnetic tape is commonly called a tape deck. The elements related to the recording-reproduction process common to any tape deck are as follows:


1) Magnetic heads.

2) Recording-reproduction amplifiers

3) Polarization current generator.




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2017-08-09




As much as greater be the surface of the engraved trail will also be greater the quantity of particles of flux-producing and therefore the output voltage will be increased at the terminals of the reproduction head.

Increasing the air gap length increases the output voltage, but, in return, the response at high frequencies will be reduced. In practice, the design of the reproduction heads will always be made taking into account the compromise between the signal level and the frequency response.


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2017-08-08




This factor of great importance in all the systems of transmission of information is of singular importance in the case of the recording tape, since unfortunately there are always some noises that inevitably are inherent to the magnetic heads or the magnetic support (tape). 

Because the magnetic head of reproduction is sensitive to variations in magnetic flux, it is necessary to take into account that there is no magnetic field around the stereo deck, as well as insulate (with good shielding) power transformers and the motors of the same apparatus.
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The main elements of a magnetic head are the coils and the gaps (two sets, each one corresponding to a stereo channel). These gaps end up on the surface of the head, on which the tape passes at a certain speed, and are separated by a space of very small size filled with non-magnetic material that separates both poles; the dimensions of the gap are expressed in microns and their definitive value depends on the type of application of the head and the investment (time and money) that the manufacturer has destined for its production.

 The operation of a magnetic head is as follows: the coil, when receiving the electrical variations of the audio signal, produces a magnetic field in the gap, field that varies in intensity and polarity according to the changes of that signal. This magnetic field flow circulates through the oxide of the tape to cross the gap. The result is a magnetic variation, printed on the moving tape, which corresponds to the changes in the audio signal. If the gap is too small, the magnetic flux will tend to circulate by the gap instead of the sensitive layer of the tape. 

The magnetic field in the gap is a magnetic representation of the audio electrical signal circulating through the coil. When the tape passes before the head, its magnetic particles (which up to that moment presented a random disposition) are affected by constantly variable magnetic field of the gap.
Posted by hifisnecma on 4:10 PM  No comments »

2017-08-07




We imagine a magnetic tape of them utilized currently in the stereo decks. Basically it consists of a plastic film on which a fine layer of magnetic material is deposited. Even when the plastic support and the agglutinating elements are very important for the smooth operation of the tape, the magnetic layer is the medium that allows recording, and therefore must be a ferromagnetic material. 

In most cases different varieties of iron oxide are used although in recent years new materials have appeared suitable for that purpose. The magnetic particles, which can be considered as a multitude of small magnets, are physically aligned, during manufacture, by means of a magnetic process in such a way that their larger dimension is in general correspondence with that of the tape. 

In this way they can be magnetized in one direction or another depending on the magnetic field applied to them. All the substances ferromagnetic, and of course the sensitive layer of a tape tape, are magnetized under the effect of a magnetic field.


Posted by hifisnecma on 8:07 AM  No comments »


The location of the turntable with respect to the loudspeakers should be carefully studied, as they often appear coupling or feedbacks that appear in the form of annoying hum that come to completely prevent hearing. This phenomenon is called Larsen effect and is caused when the sound waves generated by the loudspeakers affect the turntable whether traveling through the air or more frequently when propagating the furniture, walls and roofs. When vibrating the entire turntable, the cartridge detects these vibrations and injects them again in the amplifier,the which the delivery again to the loudspeakers and thus successively. 

The point at which the phenomenon of the Larsen effect is manifested depends, in addition to the relative position of the stereo turntable player and loudspeakers, of the level of power to which it is being worked, being evident that the Larsen phenomenon is presented more easily the greater the level of power.

When the stereo turntable is designed, it is necessary to take into account this Larsen phenomenon and provide it with dampening elements that prevent the turntable from being easily reached by the vibrations that come through its support bases. To minimize this phenomenon is precise to move away to the maximum the stereo turntable of the loudspeakers. 




Posted by hifisnecma on 7:57 AM  No comments »

2017-07-08




The noise (rumble) is the sum of all disturbances that accompany the signal provided by the cartridge and that do not belong to the musical message. It is caused by all kinds of vibrations that occur in every movement and are captured by the magnetic cartridge, which is sensitive to vibrations. Hearing these noises fog the music and make a presence as a background purr.

This noise annoys more or less depending on the level of the signal that is recorded on the disc. Thus, it is noticed more in a pianissimo than in a part of great orchestra, for which it is necessary to look for a fixed term for the comparison of the noise. 

It is therefore necessary to indicate the signal to noise ratio is measured in dB. That is, how many dB below is the noise relative to a fixed signal recorded at 1000 Hz and with a speed of 10 cm/sec on the disc for the DIN norm. This DIN norm requires between 35 and 55 dB minimum, with values ​​ranging from 40 to 60 dB and the highs reached by high performance turntables between 50 and 70 dB.


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2017-07-06




The speed of rotation of the platter should be as exact as possible equal to the nominal. The DIN standard requires it to be maintained between + 1.5% and -1%. The technology has largely exceeded these values ​​especially in stereo turntables that have fine tuning and even better in those controlled by quartz where the value has reached 0.1%.


Fast speed variations cause a crying-like hearing sensation. Variations up to a 6 Hz rate are classified by whine (wow) and the fastest , from 6 Hz onward, are classified by flutter. Wow is caused by imperfections of the transmission system ( Pulleys, loose or sliding rubber bands) or the turntable itself (eccentricity, low weight, imbalance). The flutter is caused by elements that rotate faster (unequal speed of the motor during a revolution, eccentricity of the motor pulley. A very frequent cause of wow, not attributable to the turntable and that can have a decisive influence is the eccentricity of the central hole of the disc with respect to the furrows.


The DIN standard specifies a maximum wow value of +/- 0.2% in weighted measurement. Currently, values ​​of 0.1% and very high quality stereo turntable are easily reached at values ​​of 0.06% always in weighted measure.



Posted by hifisnecma on 1:56 PM  No comments »

2017-07-05





When in the 50's of the last century the "High Fidelity" apparatuses appeared successfully, the difficulty arose of comparing apparatus of the same functions but of different manufacturers. Each one specified what he thought fit and in the way that best suited it. To put order to this chaos were elaborated norms on the diverse parameters to measure in the reproducers of sound of high fidelity. Some are only measurement standards,  they only indicate how it should be done and how to express it so that measurements from different manufacturers can be compared. As an example we have the case of the american norm of measurement IHF (Institute High Fidelity).


Others are quality norms,  they specify minimum requirements so that the device can enter the name of high fidelity. The most widely used of these norms was the one written in 1962-63 in West Germany and the German Institute for Standardization (DIN). These standards carry the number 45500 destined to become famous.


Another norm, often used by the Japanese is the JIS that gives in general better values ​​than the DIN, so when comparing values ​​of different devices we must ensure that the norms in which the measurement has been made.


A concept used in the measurements and that should be clarified is that of the weighting specified for some measurements. To weigh in this case is to measure a parameter taking into account the sound sensation produced in the brain each of the audible frequencies. For example, it is not the same to have a certain level of noise on a turntable at 400 Hz frequency than at the frequency of 50 Hz. The second creates a noticeably smaller sensation in the brain.



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2017-07-04





The arm should be both rigid and light so it must be necessary to carefully choose the materials and shape to meet this condition. The shape that gives greater rigidity with the minimum section of material is the tube shape. Lately there are versions of carbon fiber arms in the form of a tube that allow them to lighten them even more. The arm must be balanced with respect to its horizontal and vertical axis. When it is in equilibrium, its center of gravity must be at the point where the two axes are crossed. In order to achieve this with respect to the horizontal axis it is necessary to equip it with a counterweight on its back that serves at the same time as a scale in order to obtain the weight necessary for the phono magnetic cartridge.


At this point we must indicate what concerns the shape of the arm, on which has been provoked a polemic between two tendencies: the straight arm and the arm in the form of S.

In the straight arm, the spindle incorporates the angle of elbowing necessary to minimize the reading error; while in the S-shaped arm the angle is incorporated into the bending of the tube, and therefore the head is straight. This represents an advantage and isr />

As for the characteristics of rigidity, weight, accuracy and cost, the straight arm has clear advantages. Perhaps aesthetics favor more curved.

The operation of handling a turntable arm by hand to place it at the beginning of the disc or in any part requires a good pulse, to avoid damage to the needle, which being very hard (diamond),is very fragile and can be broken with a sudden blow. To avoid these risks, the arms are provided with a lifting mechanism that is operated with a lever.



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2017-07-02




The needle, when traversing the furrow, presents a friction force in the direction of the tangent of the furrow that we can assume is contained in the vertical plane of the pickup cartridge. This centripetal force or lateral thrust is denominated in english language skating. The centripetal force is directly proportional to the working weight of the pickup cartridge and is inversely proportional to the radius of the needle tip.
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The displacement of the arm on the plane of the disk, the tip of the needle describes a circumference by rotating about its vertical axis so that the vertical projection on the disk to the axis of the needle forms a certain angle (reading error). This angle is not constant and varies according to the distance of the needle to the center of the disk.  

The difference in position between the original recording stylus and the reproductive needle is translated into a distortion directly proportional to the reading error and inversely proportional to the radius of the point in question. 
The designers went to great lengths trying to minimize this distortion with a careful calculation of the dimensions of the arm; For a given distance between the axis of the vertical axis of the arm, there is an arm geometry (arm length and head angle) that cause the distortion to reach a minimum value along the arm travel. 
A well-designed arm should have the values ​​of the maxima and minima of equal absolute value for the distortion.

Posted by hifisnecma on 8:55 AM  No comments »

2017-06-29




The mission of the reading arm is reduced to keeping the tip of the needle in the groove of the disc without giving any distortion or resonance. The arm is a high precision instrument. It basically has a vertical and horizontal movement that is performed around a horizontal and vertical axis respectively. This allows you to follow the groove throughout the length of the disc. As the force that moves the arm comes out of the support and guide that represents the groove, the arm must meet a number of conditions:
 

1) Maximum rigidity with minimum inertia and consequently low resonance frequency.
 
2) Softness in the joints of horizontal and vertical movement.

 
3) Minimum reading error

 
4) Null lateral thrust.


5) Longitudinal and lateral balance.
Posted by hifisnecma on 3:29 PM  No comments »

2017-06-28







The velocity of the plate depends on parameters external to the turntable, such as the supply voltage, the frequency of the electric network and the greater or less effort involved in the friction of the needle on the disc. For this reason, the speed of rotation of the plate can differ somewhat from the nominal of the disk and to avoid it have been devised devices that allow to adjust the speed of the plate to its exact value, the so-called "fine adjustments" of the speed. These turntables must have a system to denote if the platter speed is less than, equal to or greater than the nominal. The most common system is the so-called strobe that is based on the flashes of a lamp powered by the alternating voltage network, which illuminates at a rate of 100 flashes per second (in 50 Hz electric networks) a row of holes or recorded scripts In the periphery of the plate. The interaction of both flashes and marks makes them visually appear stopped, when the speed is correct or with an apparent advance or delay movement depending on the speed greater or less than the nominal speed. This system allows to verify if the speed is accurate or must be corrected.
Posted by hifisnecma on 4:11 PM  No comments »

2017-06-27






The plate is the mechanical element that physically supports the disk and prints a rotational speed of the highest possible accuracy at each instant and over time at the speeds at which it was recorded. If this does not happen, variations of pitch are produced in the music played with respect to the original. If a 33 rpm disc is played at 34 rpm, all frequencies are shifted to treble.


Material of the platter and shape thereof.


The platters are made of iron (iron) or antimagnetic materials (zamag, aluminum). The ferrites have the advantage of presenting a shielding for the pickup cartridge with respect to the dispersion field of the motor and the transformer if it carries it. The antimagnetic platters avoid the interaction of the dispersion field of the phono cartridge magnet on the plate if it were of ferric material.

The platter should oppose to the maximum to the variations of speed, reason why it is very important the effect of steering wheel that can represent its mass. For the above, when talking about a platter, the important thing is not its physical weight (which would give a balance) but the way in which that weight is distributed. What is really important in the platters is the so-called moment of inertia that takes into account the weight and the distance to the center of rotation of that weight.


Posted by hifisnecma on 5:27 PM  No comments »

2017-06-26




The movement of the arm with respect to the disc can be radial, as occurs in the majority of the turntables the needle describes an arc of girth) or it can also be linear (the needle describes a radius of the disc). This last system is taking strength in the market, although its prices are quite superior to conventional.

Radial or conventional movement arm.

It is the most extended system and the arm is equipped with a movement around a vertical axis and a horizontal that allows it to follow the furrows. The force necessary to move it comes out the furrows of the disc that are like guides for the needle. Therefore the great care with which the tone-arm should be designed for a smooth operation throughout the all path and to demand in this way the binomial needle-furrow as little effort as possible.

Linear or tangential motion arm.

The improvement of the servo-assisted movements and the photoelectric position detectors has made it possible to make this type of turntable in which the arm is mounted on a trolley that slides on rails, driven by a controlled engine. Another advantage of this system is that the arm can be shorter and, consequently, lighter and does not need lateral thrust compensatory force.

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2017-06-25




Belt traction.


The movement between the motor shaft and the plate is carried out by means of a rubber strap that hugs on one side a pulley located on the motor shaft and on the other a drum placed under the plate and concentric with it. The displacement is achieved by means of a movable pin. This system is widely used as it provides good filtering of motor vibrations. The rubber band is usually synthetic rubber and its active face is rectified to obtain a high uniformity of movement.

Direct drive.
 
In these record players, the motor shaft coincides with that of the platter, which is why the motor must rotate at the same speed of rotation required by the disc and must have two speeds (33.3 and 45 rpm).
 
It is in principle the simplest system, although it requires quite complex and highly elaborate motors, since there is no filter element or damper of the vibrations of the motor that if they were would be transmitted directly to the platter and then to the cartridge and to the loudspeakers.
 
This system appeared in the market in the year of 1970 obtaining great popularity that in turn caused that the cost of its production lowered.





Posted by hifisnecma on 9:48 AM  No comments »

2017-06-23






Definition


We understand by turntable, the devices intended to reproduce the acoustic information stored on the records discs, giving a faithful electrical signal reflecting the sound that was recorded on the disc.

Its main elements are three:

a) Platter intended to support the disc and rotate it around its own axis and on a horizontal plane (there is some exception to this condition of horizontality). Its movement is achieved by means of an electric motor and a transmission system between the motor shaft and the plate itself.

b) Tone arm is named for its elongated shape in order to follow the movement of the disc furrow to furrow from the periphery to the center.

c) Cartridge or element that translates in electrical signal the information contained in the furrow, a signal that then passes to the amplifier stage, where it will reach the level required to exit a loudspeaker and thus reproduce the acoustic message that was recorded on the disc.




Posted by hifisnecma on 3:06 PM  No comments »

2017-06-22



A good quality of reproduction depends, in a very important way, on the perfection of the silences, therefore:

1) Frequently examine the tip of the needle. A powerful magnifying glass, or better, a microscope of about 100 magnifications, can detect harmful wear to the discs or dirt embedded in the needle.

2) Check the vertical support force and the horizontal freedom of the arm.

3) Preserve the needle from the dust, heat and grease. A cartridge in bad condition can destroy the treble of a disc in a single pass, and alter the transparency and clarity of the middle tones.

4) The noise due to the dust of the discs is very annoying and damaging to the disc and the tip of the needle, because that dust is abrasive and bites and polishes the surfaces. Keep discs free of dust.

5) Do not use chamois that sometimes introduce dust into the depths of the furrows.

6) Do not use anti-static fluids for discs, because underpin the dust on the needle and reduce the introduction of the needle in the furrow and causing it to jump over them, causing scratches and damage.

7) Use anti-static brushes, which at the same time clean the surface dust of the discs; carbon fiber brushes give good results.

8) If a needle has lost qualities, replace it immediately with an original replacement and ensure proper installation of the needle in the cartridge. A good installation is verified by the absence of any noise by the loudspeakers when the turntable is connected to an amplifier.

Posted by hifisnecma on 3:51 PM  No comments »


This feature reports the amount of signal the cartridge will provide to succeed the pre-amp. The tension varies with the speed, so it is accustomed to refer it at a certain speed, being common the value of 3.54 cm/sec.
In general the minimum value for current high-fidelity equipment that must provide a needle is 3 millivolts; Under that tension it is necessary to use a preamplifier or transformer to adjust the appropriate level of input to the preamplifier stage.
Between the limits of 3 and 7 millivolts the output is acceptable, being the differences of that tension the cause that in the same preamp it is necessary to modify the control of gain (volume) according to the type of cartridge that used in order to obtain the same acoustic level.
Posted by hifisnecma on 3:43 PM  No comments »

2017-06-20




As the separation between channels reports the existing interactions of one channel on another, the balance of channels clarifies how each channel responds to each frequency. Both channels must respond, in the most identical way possible, to the same frequency of a given amplitude.

Posted by hifisnecma on 1:09 PM  No comments »



This specification informs about the shape of the needle tip and its size as well as the shape of its assembly. It is customary to express this value in thousandths of an inch. In tapered needles, sizes greater than 0.7 thousand should not be allowed, and between two tapered needles, the smaller radio is better, as it will better read the walls of the furrow, reducing the effect of the tap. Conical needles should not be greater than 0.3 thousand the radius smaller or greater than 0.7 thousand the largest.

Posted by hifisnecma on 1:06 PM  No comments »






In musical reproductions there are no pure sounds, but a set of simultaneous vibrations that influence each other, giving rise to intermodulation distortion. New vibrations appear equal to the sums and differences of the originals in the event of intermodulation distortion. Since musical sounds are usually composed of a fundamental vibration and a series of harmonics, and in an orchestra or ensemble there are many instruments playing at the same time, the intermodulation distortion is very annoying in the reproduction if it exceeds a certain value that we can situate in 0.5% for the cartridge, as maximum admissible value.


Posted by hifisnecma on 12:59 PM  No comments »

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